Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine are centrally-acting sympathomimetics which may be used in which of the following conditions?

• A. Manic-depression
• B. Alcohol withdrawal
• C. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• D. Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer: (C)

These drugs are central nervous system stimulants that increase the availability of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, especially in the prefrontal cortex regions that regulate attention, focus, and impulse control. By boosting these neurotransmitters there, they help reduce inattention and hyperactivity, which is why they are a common and effective treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. They’re not typically used for manic-depressive illness because stimulants can worsen mania or mood instability. They also aren’t standard treatments for alcohol withdrawal or generalized anxiety disorder, where other approaches are preferred and stimulants may worsen anxiety or other symptoms. So the best fit is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.