List common signs of dehydration and two nursing interventions to correct fluid deficit.

• A. Signs: edema and crackles; Interventions: fluid restriction.
• B. Signs: flushed skin and sweating; Interventions: sit in sun.
• C. Signs: dry mucous membranes, skin tenting, tachycardia, low urine output; Interventions: oral rehydration if possible, IV isotonic fluids; monitor electrolytes and renal function.
• D. Signs: bradycardia; Interventions: reduce fluids

Answer: (C)

Dehydration shows signs tied to fluid loss and reduced blood volume, so the body reveals both dryness and a compensatory response to conserve water. Common signs include dry mucous membranes, skin that tents when pinched, tachycardia, and low urine output, all reflecting decreased intravascular volume and kidney conservation of fluids.

To correct the deficit, start with oral rehydration if the patient can safely drink and isn’t at risk for aspiration. If oral intake isn’t possible or the dehydration is more significant, use IV isotonic fluids to quickly restore circulating volume. While correcting fluids, monitor electrolytes and renal function to guide therapy and avoid complications.

The other signs and interventions describe fluid overload (edema with crackles and fluid restriction), heat exposure (flushed skin, sweating, sitting in sun), or an abnormal heart rate pattern (bradycardia), which don’t fit dehydration.